Kuphwanya chotengera chochuluka, monga ntchito yofunika kwambiri pakutumiza kwapadziko lonse lapansi

Break bulk ship ndi sitima yomwe imanyamula katundu wolemetsa, wawukulu, wamabokosi, ndi mitolo ya zinthu zosiyanasiyana. Sitima zonyamula katundu ndizokhazikika pakunyamula ntchito zosiyanasiyana zonyamula katundu pamadzi, pali zombo zonyamula katundu zowuma komanso zombo zonyamula katundu zamadzimadzi, ndipo zombo zambiri zosweka ndi mtundu wa zombo zonyamula katundu zowuma. Nthawi zambiri amatchedwa sitima yonyamula katundu yolemera matani 10,000, zikutanthauza kuti katundu wake amakwana matani 10,000 kapena kuposa matani 10,000, ndipo kulemera kwake konse komanso kusamutsidwa kwathunthu kumakhala kokulirapo.

Sitima zapamadzi zophwanyidwa nthawi zambiri zimakhala zombo zapawiri, zokhala ndi zonyamula katundu 4 mpaka 6, ndipo zotsekera zonyamula katundu pamtunda uliwonse wonyamula katundu, ndipo ndodo zonyamula katundu zomwe zimatha kukweza matani 5 mpaka 20 zimayikidwa mbali zonse za malo onyamula katundu. Zombo zina zimakhalanso ndi ma cranes olemera onyamula katundu wolemera, wokweza matani 60 mpaka 250. Sitima zonyamula katundu zokhala ndi zofunikira zapadera zili ndi zida zonyamulira zazikulu zooneka ngati V zomwe zimatha kukweza matani mazana. Pofuna kupititsa patsogolo luso lokweza ndi kutsitsa, zombo zina zonyamula katundu zimakhala ndi makina onyamula katundu ozungulira.

Chopangidwanso ndi sitima yonyamula katundu yowuma yamitundu yambiri, yomwe imatha kunyamula katundu wamba, komanso imatha kunyamula katundu wambiri komanso wodzaza. Sitima yonyamula katundu yamtunduwu ndiyoyenera komanso yothandiza kuposa sitima yapamadzi yonyamula katundu yomwe imanyamula katundu umodzi.

Sitima zapamadzi zophwanyidwa zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri ndipo zimayambira pagulu lazamalonda padziko lonse lapansi. Kuchuluka kwa zombo zambiri zonyamula katundu zomwe zikuyenda m'madzi akumtunda zili ndi matani mazana ambiri, matani masauzande ambiri, ndipo zombo zambiri zonyamula katundu zomwe zimanyamula panyanja zimatha kupitilira matani 20,000. Zombo zonyamula katundu zambiri zimafunikira kuti zikhale ndi chuma chabwino komanso chitetezo, popanda kuthamangitsa liwiro lalikulu. Sitima zonyamula katundu nthawi zambiri zimayenda m'madoko motengera momwe katundu amachokera komanso zosowa zonyamula katundu, ali ndi masiku okhazikika komanso njira zotumizira. Sitima yapamadzi yonyamula katundu imakhala ndi mawonekedwe amphamvu atali, pansi pa chombocho chimakhala ndi zigawo ziwiri, uta ndi kumbuyo zimakhala ndi akasinja akutsogolo ndi kumbuyo, zomwe zingagwiritsidwe ntchito kusungirako madzi abwino kapena kunyamula madzi a ballast kuti asinthe cheke cha sitimayo, ndipo amatha kuteteza madzi a m'nyanja kulowa mu thanki yayikulu ikawombana. Pali ma desiki 2 ~ 3 pamwamba pa chikopacho, ndipo zosungiramo katundu zingapo zimakhazikitsidwa, ndipo ziswanizo zimakutidwa ndi zingwe zotsekera madzi kuti madzi asagwe. The injini chipinda kapena anakonza pakati kapena anakonza mu mchira, aliyense ali ubwino ndi kuipa, anakonza pakati akhoza kusintha chepetsa wa hull, kumbuyo ndi yabwino makonzedwe a katundu danga. Ndodo zonyamula katundu zimaperekedwa mbali zonse za hatch. Pakutsitsa ndi kutsitsa magawo olemetsa, nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi heavy derrick. Pofuna kusintha kusintha kwabwino kwa zombo zambiri zonyamula katundu kupita kumayendedwe osiyanasiyana onyamula katundu, zimatha kunyamula katundu wamkulu, zida zolemetsa, zotengera, zogulira, ndi katundu wochulukirapo, zombo zamakono zatsopano zopumira nthawi zambiri zimapangidwira ngati zombo zamitundu yambiri.

Ubwino:

Matani ang'onoang'ono, osinthika,

Yekha zombo crane

Hatch wide

Mtengo wotsika wopanga